Cross fading images
Commonly used as part of image galleries, or to show detail on products. This has traditionally been done in javascript by iterating over the opacity - using CSS transitions makes this very easy to add to your site.
Demo 1 - One image to another, on hover
Plan
- Put one image on top of the other
- Change the opacity of the top image on hover
Demo
Code
First up, the HTML markup. Without CSS enabled, you just get two images. Remember to add alt text for production use.
<div id="cf"> <img class="bottom" src="/images/Windows%20Logo.jpg" /> <img class="top" src="/images/Turtle.jpg" /> </div>
Then the CSS:
#cf { position:relative; height:281px; width:450px; margin:0 auto; } #cf img { position:absolute; left:0; -webkit-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; -o-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; } #cf img.top:hover { opacity:0; }
Demo 2 - One image to another, when a button is pressed (transitions)
Plan
Same as before, but instead of using the :hover pseudo class, we are going to use javascript to add a toggle a class. I'm using jQuery here because it's easy to understand, though you could just use plain old JS.
Demo
Click me to toggle
Code
First up, the HTML markup. Again, with no CSS enabled, you just get two images.
<div id="cf2" class="shadow"> <img class="bottom" src="/images/Windows%20Logo.jpg" /> <img class="top" src="/images/Turtle.jpg" /> </div> <p id="cf_onclick">Click me to toggle</p>
Then the CSS. I've added a class with the opacity value.
#cf2 { position:relative; height:281px; width:450px; margin:0 auto; } #cf2 img { position:absolute; left:0; -webkit-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; -o-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; } #cf2 img.transparent { opacity:0; } #cf_onclick { cursor:pointer; }
Then the extremely short JS. Note that the browser is smart enough to realise that it can animate to the new properties, I didn't have to set them in javascript (thought that works too).
$(document).ready(function() { $("#cf_onclick").click(function() { $("#cf2 img.top").toggleClass("transparent"); }); });
Have a look at the multiple image demo to see how to extend this idea to more than two images.
Demo 3 - One image to another with a timer (CSS animations)
Plan
You could implement this by using Javascript to toggle classes with a delay - that would allow older browsers to still have the images change. As we are looking forward though, we'll use CSS keyframes.
- Start with two images absolutely positioned on top of each other.
- Use CSS keyframes to define two states, one with top image transparent, one with it opaque.
- Set the animations number of iterations to infinite.
Demo
Each image is visible for 9 seconds before fading to the other one.
Code
Everything's the same as Demo 1, but I've added this to the CSS and removed the hover selector
@keyframes cf3FadeInOut { 0% { opacity:1; } 45% { opacity:1; } 55% { opacity:0; } 100% { opacity:0; } } #cf3 img.top { animation-name: cf3FadeInOut; animation-timing-function: ease-in-out; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-duration: 10s; animation-direction: alternate; }
To make sense of that, I've defined 4 keyframes, specified that whatever has this animation attached will be opaque for the first 45%, then transparent for the last 45%. The animation will repeat forever, will last 10 seconds, and will run forward then backwards. In other words, image 1 will be visible for 4.5 seconds, followed by a 1 second fade, followed by 4.5 seconds of image 2 being visible. Then it will reverse, meaning that image 1 and 2 will both be visible for 9 (4.5 x 2) seconds each time.
Demo with multiple images
Staggering the animations can result in a multiple image fader.
This time I've created an animation that goes from 0 to 1 opacity, then staggered the animations so only one is visible at once.
Thanks to Pafson's comment, this is finally working as expected! He proposes the following algorithm to determine the percentages and timings:
For "n" images You must define:
a=presentation time for one image
b=duration for cross fading
Total animation-duration is of course t=(a+b)*n
animation-delay = t/n or = a+b
Percentage for keyframes:
a=presentation time for one image
b=duration for cross fading
Total animation-duration is of course t=(a+b)*n
animation-delay = t/n or = a+b
Percentage for keyframes:
- 0%
- a/t*100%
- (a+b)/t*100% = 1/n*100%
- 100%-(b/t*100%)
- 100%
@keyframes cf4FadeInOut { 0% { opacity:1; } 17% { opacity:1; } 25% { opacity:0; } 92% { opacity:0; } 100% { opacity:1; } } #cf4a img:nth-of-type(1) { animation-delay: 6s; } #cf4a img:nth-of-type(2) { animation-delay: 4s; } #cf4a img:nth-of-type(3) { animation-delay: 2s; } #cf4a img:nth-of-type(4) { animation-delay: 0; }
Demo 4 - More than just fades
This technique isn't limited to just fades, you can animate almost every property. Here are a couple of examples.
Zooming in and out
Hover on the image
Rotation
Hover on the image
Demo 5 - Animating the background-image property
Right now this only works on webkits built from 2012 onwards. It's not part of the spec (yet?).
Plan
- Make a div with a width and height
- Change the background-image property
Demo
Code
This only works on Chrome 18+ and on Webkit built in 2012 onwards, including iOS6. It seems to be a side effect of the CSS4 crossfading work, though this is a lot more useful.
<div id="cf6_image" class="shadow"></div>
Then the CSS:
#cf6_image { margin:0 auto; width:450px; height:281px; transition: background-image 1s ease-in-out; background-image:url("/images/Windows%20Logo.jpg"); } #cf6_image:hover { background-image:url("/images/Turtle.jpg"); }
Pretty cool - this can easily be extended by simply changing the background-image property with JS, and makes things much much simpler. I'm not sure if this behaviour is part of the spec or not, and I haven't seen support anywhere other than in the afore mentioned browsers.
For a slightly more detailed example, have a look at a simple gallery using filters and fades.
Demo 6 -Fading between multiple images on click
Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 4
This is very similar to the others – just layout the images on top of each other, set them all to be transparent, then when the controls are clicked change that one to opaque.
For this example:
HTML
<div id="cf7" class="shadow"> <img class='opaque' src="/images/Windows%20Logo.jpg" /> <img src="/images/Turtle.jpg;" /> <img src="/images/Rainbow%20Worm.jpg;" /> <img src="/images/Birdman.jpg;" /> </div> <p id="cf7_controls"> <span class="selected">Image 1</span> <span>Image 2</span> <span>Image 3</span> <span>Image 4</span> </p>
CSS
p#cf7_controls { text-align:center; } #cf7_controls span { padding-right:2em; cursor:pointer; } #cf7 { position:relative; height:281px; width:450px; margin:0 auto 10px; } #cf7 img { position:absolute; left:0; -webkit-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; -o-transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out; opacity:0; -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)"; filter: alpha(opacity=0); } #cf7 img.opaque { opacity:1; -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=100)"; filter: alpha(opacity=1); }
JS
$(document).ready(function() { $("#cf7_controls").on('click', 'span', function() { $("#cf7 img").removeClass("opaque"); var newImage = $(this).index(); $("#cf7 img").eq(newImage).addClass("opaque"); $("#cf7_controls span").removeClass("selected"); $(this).addClass("selected"); }); });
